Reinier Russell

managing partner

Reinier advises national and international companies

reinier.russell@russell.nl
+31 20 301 55 55

Contracts: Distribution or agency?

Publication date 27 January 2022

Distribution and agency agreements are often confused. And this is not surprising: there are similarities. However, it is crucial to be aware of the differences. Why is that so important? And what are the differences?

distributie - weblijst

Distribution and agency

In both distribution and agency a supplier or manufacturer uses an intermediary to promote and distribute his products. At first it may not seem to be significant how the relationship between the supplier and intermediary is characterized. Yet, the qualification is of vital importance, as in addition to the similarities there are crucial differences.

Differences between distribution and agency

  • The intermediary in an agency relation (the agent) acts in the name of and for the account and risk of the supplier or manufacturer (the principal), whereas the distributor is considered as an entrepreneur who acts in his own name. The agent therefore is just a broker. However, the distributor buys products or services from the supplier or manufacturer and then concludes agreements with customers himself. Therefore, distributors face more financial risks.
  • Upon termination of the agency agreement, the agent is often entitled to clientele compensation (goodwill indemnity). A distributor will not be entitled to this. However, the distributor can claim damages.
  • The agency agreements are legally regulated, whereas distribution agreements are innominate contracts. The law does offer the agent a certain protection. When concluding distribution agreements the parties have more liberties in making arrangements. However, if these arrangements are not recorded at all or not properly recorded, this can lead to uncertainties.
  • The notice period of distribution agreements is usually longer than the statutory notice period of agency agreements.

Qualify it and lay it down!

Predicting the future is difficult. However, when entering into a long-term agency or distribution relation it is crucial to think about what the situation could be like after one, two or ten years. Clarity from the start will prevent hassles later on. Therefore, it is advisable to devote attention to qualifying the relationship (particularly by asking questions as: who bears the risk of the intermediary’s actions and who will determine the sales strategy?), to actually putting this qualification into practice and to drafting a sound written distribution or agency agreement. We will gladly help you to do so of course!

Distribution and agency lawyers

Do you have any questions about this blog? Would you like us to assess or draw up a distribution of agency agreement for you? Or do you have a dispute with your distributor, agent or principal? Please contact us:

    We process the personal data above with your permission. You can withdraw your permission at any time. For more information please see our Privacy Statement.

    Related publications

    Geo-blocking: Consequences for agency, distribution and franchise

    As from 3 December 2018, there will be a ban on geo-blocking by websites within the EU. What does this mean for the agency, distribution and franchise industry?

    Read more

    Unlawful pricing arrangements in distribution agreements

    Is the supplier allowed to determine for what price the distributor has to sell products or services?

    Read more

    How do you terminate a continuing performance agreement?

    In principle, a continuing performance agreement can always be terminated, even if no arrangements have been made in this regard. But you can’t just do it. What do you need to take into account when terminating the agreement? And what if you want to deviate from the agreements made about terminating the agreement?

    Read more

    28 June 2025 European Accessibility Act: digital products and services must be accessible to all

    On 28 June 2025, the European Accessibility Act will come into force. From that data, digital products and services must also be accessible to people with disabilities. Which companies, products and services does the Act apply to? What disabilities should you take into account? What are the consequences of not complying with the Act?

    Read more

    Contract termination: survival clauses

    If a contract has ended, there may still be obligations you want your contract partner to fulfil, such as warranties or confidentiality. You can regulate this through survival clauses. What should you look out for when including such clauses?

    Read more

    Differences between franchise and distribution agreements

    The franchise agreement and the distribution agreement are very similar, but there are also important differences. What are the consequences if you conclude a franchise agreement when it is actually a distribution agreement or vice versa? How can you avoid this misunderstanding?

    Read more